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William Humphrys (1794 – 21 January 1865) was an engraver of pictures, book illustrations and postage stamps. Humphrys was born in Dublin. At an early age he moved to the United States where he studied engraving techniques under George Murray in Philadelphia.〔(The Art of Print - The Reading Magdalene )〕 He began his career as engraver in 1815 and was involved in the engraving of vignettes for bank notes and engravings for book illustrations. The illustrations in the books by poets Bryant and Longfellow were the work of Humphrys.〔Melville, Fred J, ''Postage Stamps in the Making'', 1916, Stanley Gibbons, p.68〕 He moved to England in 1823 where he worked on book illustrations for individual publishers. He then returned to the United States in 1843. Two years later he moved to Dublin to engrave "''The Reading Magdalene''" for the Royal Irish Art Union.〔 Melville states that he did the engraving for the United States stamp with the portrait of Washington.〔〔( Bacon, Edward Denny, The line-engraved postage stamps of Great Britain printed by Perkins, Bacon & Co.; a history of their production during the forty years, 1840-1880, (1920), p.140. )〕 The Art of the Print webpage seems to put the engraving of the stamp before 1823.〔 In the book by Fielding there is an undated reference to a book illustration by Humphrys called "''Early days of Washington''".〔Fielding, Mantle, (''American Engravers upon Copper and Steel'' ), 1917〕 In a report in The New York Times of 18 June 1922〔(First N.Y. stamp sold for $1,000 )〕 A Hatfield Jr is quoted from his book "''There are indications which lead me to the opinion that the engraver was no other than that gifted British artist William Humphrys .... in his obituary notice in The Art Journal (1865) it is stated that he engraved the portrait of Washington for United States stamps. This might have referred to the first Government issue of 1847, but, if so, the same printers printed the 1845 New York stamps and the 1847 United States Government issue and may have employed the same engraver.''" It should be remembered that Humphrys moved to Dublin in 1845. He then came to England and was employed by Perkins, Bacon & Co. During his period of employment by Perkins Bacon he was responsible for the engraving of many of the classic stamps. At that time Perkins Bacon had the contract to produce stamps for Great Britain and for the many British Possessions around the world. Humphrys engraved the head of Columbus for the first stamps of Chile.〔 In 1854 he was given the task of re-engraving the Queen’s Head for the line-engraved 1d red-brown.〔 The die he produced is known to philatelists as Die II or “Humphrys’s Retouch”.〔〔Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue Part 1 British Commonwealth, 1999〕 Some of the stamps, which were engraved by William Humphrys are as follows *Cape of Good Hope – he engraved the die for the first issue (triangulars).〔 *Ceylon.〔 *New Zealand – he engraved the first stamps, known as the Chalons, working from a watercolour by Edward Henry Corbould.〔 *Queensland – he engraved the dies for the first stamps used from 1860 to 1881〔 *St Helena.〔 *South Australia - he engraved the dies for the first stamps issued in 1855〔〔〔(First Stamp Issues of South Australia )〕 *Western Australia - he engraved the dies for the first stamps, the famous Black Swans, issued in 1854〔 He gave up engraving and became an accountant to Novello & Co, typographical music and general printers, of London.〔(''Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers'' ), 1904〕 In ill-health Humphrys went to Italy to recuperate. He had been invited by Alfred Novello, son of the founder of the company Vincent Novello, to the Villa Novello in Genoa. On 21 January 1865, while he was still at the villa, he died aged seventy-one.〔〔Winchester, John, ''Lasting Impressions'', in "Stamp Magazine", February 2015, pp 40-45.〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Humphrys」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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